Keywords, Built-in Exceptions, Built-in Functions in Python 3.7

 

Python Keywords:-

Python has a set of keywords that are reserved words that cannot be used as variable names, function names, or any other identifiers:

Keyword	Description
and	A logical operator
as	To create an alias
assert	For debugging
break	To break out of a loop
class	To define a class
continue	To continue to the next iteration of a loop
def	To define a function
del	To delete an object
elif	Used in conditional statements, same as else if
else	Used in conditional statements
except	Used with exceptions, what to do when an exception occurs
False	Boolean value, result of comparison operations
finally	Used with exceptions, a block of code that will be executed no matter if there  is an exception or not.
for	To create a for loop
from	To import specific parts of a module
global	To declare a global variable
if	To make a conditional statement
import	To import a module
in	To check if a value is present in a list, tuple, etc.
is	To test if two variables are equal
lambda	To create an anonymous function
None	Represents a null value
nonlocal	To declare a non-local variable
not	A logical operator
or	A logical operator
pass	A null statement, a statement that will do nothing
raise	To raise an exception
return	To exit a function and return a value
True	Boolean value, result of comparison operations
try	To make a try...except statement
while	To create a while loop
with	Used to simplify exception handling
yield	To end a function returns a generator

Python Built-in Exceptions:-

The table below shows built-in exceptions that are usually raised in Python:

Exception	Description
ArithmeticError	Raised when an error occurs in numeric calculations
AssertionError	Raised when an assert statement fails
AttributeError	Raised when attribute reference or assignment fails
Exception	Base class for all exceptions
EOFError	Raised when the input() method hits an "end of file" condition (EOF)
FloatingPointError	Raised when a floating point calculation fails
GeneratorExit	Raised when a generator is closed (with the close() method)
ImportError	Raised when an imported module does not exist
IndentationError	Raised when indendation is not correct
IndexError	Raised when an index of a sequence does not exist
KeyError	Raised when a key does not exist in a dictionary
KeyboardInterrupt	Raised when the user presses Ctrl+c, Ctrl+z or Delete
LookupError	Raised when errors raised cant be found
MemoryError	Raised when a program runs out of memory
NameError	Raised when a variable does not exist
NotImplementedError	Raised when an abstract method requires an inherited class to override the  method
OSError	Raised when a system related operation causes an error
OverflowError	Raised when the result of a numeric calculation is too large
ReferenceError	Raised when a weak reference object does not exist
RuntimeError	Raised when an error occurs that do not belong to any specific expections
StopIteration	Raised when the next() method of an iterator has no further values
SyntaxError	Raised when a syntax error occurs
TabError	Raised when indentation consists of tabs or spaces
SystemError	Raised when a system error occurs
SystemExit	Raised when the sys.exit() function is called
TypeError	Raised when two different types are combined
UnboundLocalError	Raised when a local variable is referenced before assignment
UnicodeError	Raised when a unicode problem occurs
UnicodeEncodeError	Raised when a unicode encoding problem occurs
UnicodeDecodeError	Raised when a unicode decoding problem occurs
UnicodeTranslateError	Raised when a unicode translation problem occurs
ValueError	Raised when there is a wrong value in a specified data type
ZeroDivisionError	Raised when the second operator in a division is zero

Python Built-in Functions:-

Python has a set of built-in functions.

Function	Description
abs()	Returns the absolute value of a number
all()	Returns True if all items in an iterable object are true
any()	Returns True if any item in an iterable object is true
ascii()	Returns a readable version of an object. Replaces none-ascii characters with escape  character
bin()	Returns the binary version of a number
bool()	Returns the boolean value of the specified object
bytearray()	Returns an array of bytes
bytes()	Returns a bytes object
callable()	Returns True if the specified object is callable, otherwise False
chr()	Returns a character from the specified Unicode code.
classmethod()	Converts a method into a class method
compile()	Returns the specified source as an object, ready to be executed
complex()	Returns a complex number
delattr()	Deletes the specified attribute (property or method) from the specified object
dict()	Returns a dictionary (Array)
dir()	Returns a list of the specified object's properties and methods
divmod()	Returns the quotient and the remainder when argument1 is divided by argument2
enumerate()	Takes a collection (e.g. a tuple) and returns it as an enumerate object
eval()	Evaluates and executes an expression
exec()	Executes the specified code (or object)
filter()	Use a filter function to exclude items in an iterable object
float()	Returns a floating point number
format()	Formats a specified value
frozenset()	Returns a frozenset object
getattr()	Returns the value of the specified attribute (property or method)
globals()	Returns the current global symbol table as a dictionary
hasattr()	Returns True if the specified object has the specified attribute (property/method)
hash()	Returns the hash value of a specified object
help()	Executes the built-in help system
hex()	Converts a number into a hexadecimal value
id()	Returns the id of an object
input()	Allowing user input
int()	Returns an integer number
isinstance()	Returns True if a specified object is an instance of a specified object
issubclass()	Returns True if a specified class is a subclass of a specified object
iter()	Returns an iterator object
len()	Returns the length of an object
list()	Returns a list
locals()	Returns an updated dictionary of the current local symbol table
map()	Returns the specified iterator with the specified function applied to each item
max()	Returns the largest item in an iterable
memoryview()	Returns a memory view object
min()	Returns the smallest item in an iterable
next()	Returns the next item in an iterable
object()	Returns a new object
oct()	Converts a number into an octal
open()	Opens a file and returns a file object
ord()	Convert an integer representing the Unicode of the specified character
pow()	Returns the value of x to the power of y
print()	Prints to the standard output device
property()	Gets, sets, deletes a property
range()	Returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 and increments by 1 (by default)
repr()	Returns a readable version of an object
reversed()	Returns a reversed iterator
round()	Rounds a numbers
set()	Returns a new set object
setattr()	Sets an attribute (property/method) of an object
slice()	Returns a slice object
sorted()	Returns a sorted list
@staticmethod()	Converts a method into a static method
str()	Returns a string object
sum()	Sums the items of an iterator
super()	Returns an object that represents the parent class
tuple()	Returns a tuple
type()	Returns the type of an object
vars()	Returns the __dict__ property of an object
zip()	Returns an iterator, from two or more iterators